How many functional cusps does a maxillary second molar typically have?

The maxillary second molar typically has four functional cusps. These cusps are crucial for the mastication process, allowing for effective grinding and chewing of food. In a maxillary second molar, the arrangement usually includes two buccal cusps (mesiobuccal and distobuccal) and two lingual cusps (mesiolingual and distolingual).

Understanding the anatomy of the maxillary second molar is important for dental professionals, particularly when it comes to procedures such as restorations, extractions, and root canal treatments. The presence of four functional cusps allows dentists to effectively assess the overall health of the tooth and plan for any necessary treatments. The design and number of cusps also facilitate proper occlusion, ensuring that the upper and lower teeth align correctly during biting and chewing functions.