What is the primary composition of enamel?

The primary composition of enamel is predominantly inorganic, making it one of the hardest substances in the human body. Enamel consists mainly of hydroxyapatite, a crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphate minerals. This mineral content constitutes about 95% of enamel's volume, giving it the strength and durability needed to withstand the forces of chewing and resistance to wear.

The inorganic nature of enamel is crucial because it provides the necessary hardness to protect the underlying dentin and pulp from damage and decay. While there are small amounts of organic components, including proteins and lipids, they are present in much smaller quantities compared to the inorganic part. Water constitutes a minor percentage of enamel and is not considered a primary part of its composition. Cellular components are not present in enamel at all, as it is acellular. Thus, understanding that the strength and integrity of enamel come from its high inorganic mineral content is essential in dental health and treatment.