Which material is commonly used to fill small cavities?

Composite resin is commonly used to fill small cavities due to its favorable aesthetic properties and versatility. This material closely matches the natural tooth color, making it an ideal choice for fillings in visible areas of the mouth. Composite resins are made from a mixture of plastic and fine glass particles, which allows them to bond well to the tooth structure, providing not only strength but also the ability to effectively seal the cavity and reduce the risk of further decay.

In addition to their aesthetic appeal, composite resins can be sculpted and polished to achieve a natural appearance, contributing to the overall health and appearance of a patient's smile. They also offer the benefit of being cured with a special light, which allows for quicker setting times and immediate use of the filled tooth.

Other materials like glass ionomer, resin ionomer, and amalgam are also utilized in dental fillings for various reasons, such as their physical properties and indications for use, but they do not offer the same level of aesthetic matching as composite resins. Glass ionomer, for instance, is often used in areas where esthetics are less critical or in cases requiring a release of fluoride. Amalgam is known for its durability and strength, especially in posterior teeth, but its metallic appearance makes it less desirable